The Safavid dynasty was one of the most important ruling dynasties of Iran. What was the social structure of the Safavid Empire? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The maximum extent of the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas I ( CC BY-SA 4.0) The Safavids were a dynastic family that ruled over modern-day Iran. Therefore, a womans position is greatly different from one society to the other. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The alam would indicate the presence of the leader, motivate the branch by recalling the entire tragic event and the sacrifice of the Imams. The Safavids are therefore widely known for bringing this historic change to the region. In other words, China believed that women were capable of. master Zahed Gilani WebWomen in the Safavid Empire refers to the position and status of women across Safavid society and culture within Safavid Iran. This image illustrated the intense grief at the death of Iskandar of his troops, his mother, his wife as well as his nobles. For centuries, women have been exploited by the society. For instance, the Qajar dynasty (17891925), the first major dynasty to succeed the Safavids, continued the tradition of Safavid book arts, painting, and architecture. endobj Not like other groups who were around at the time, the Puritans did not break from the church but decided to change it to there liking instead. The devotion and commemoration of the death of Husayn and his family would be especially evoked and enhanced by alams with a hand-shape. Even in the same time frame, two societies could exist, where one treat women as equals to men, and another that treats women differently than men, whether better or worse. Gunpower usage in the military allowed the empire to protect itself from external forces, maintaining inner harmony, and flourish. Less value to contribution. Many of them were wounded with blood gushing from their body. [5] In his account, there was no stop of loud crying of womens mourning assemblies. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Complex, ornate palaces. I am aiming to explore the ultimate relationship between gendered space and power consolidation of Safavid kings, and the necessity of opposing sexes in constructing a Shii state. One of the most interesting ancient civilizations with outstanding culture was Egypt. First, by bringing the capital closer to the center of the empire and away from the Ottoman border, it safeguarded the court from the Turks. In contrast with the male members standing on the two sides expressing their sorrow through facial expression, most of female members were denied of revealing their faces but to present their emotions through exaggerated and dramatic gestures. Some empires are very similar, while some posses many different traits. In between were nobles, rich merchants, and city people. Direct link to hdarwish825's post what succession rules was. Located within the Middle East, the land was arid and full of deserts, but the Safavids did have access to the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf, and the Arabian Sea. City Structure- sewage, roads, irrigation Thereafter, the continuing struggle against the Sunnisthe Ottomans in the west and the Uzbeks in the northeastcost the Safavids Kurdistan, Diyarbakr, and Baghdad, while Tabrz was continuously under threat. WebThe borders of the Ottoman Empire became less fuzzy. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. According to Jean Calmards table listing information of Muharram ceremonies under the Safavids in the main travel accounts, rituals observed by Western travelers in Isfahan are all located at the Royal Maidan. Although the early afav order was originally Sunni, following the jurisprudence of the Shfi school, it gravitated toward Shiism over time, perhaps pulled along by the popular veneration of Al. The Safavid Empire was spread through the territories of modern Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Iran; it also took parts of Turkey, Pakistan, Georgia, and Tajikistan. According to many historians, the Safavid empire marked the beginning of modern Persia. Seven years later Shah ahmsp II recovered Efahn and ascended the throne, only to be deposed in 1732 by his Afshrid lieutenant Nadr Qol Beg (the future Ndir Shh). Events of women being prohibited from doing things like voting or working and being forced to behave the way it is considered to be socially acceptable have been jotted down in history. Museums around the world commissioned Pope and Ackerman to organize symposia and exhibitions on the topic of Persian art, where works from the Safavid Empire were especially of interest. Some wives with stupid husbands are able to manage the familys finances Even among those whose husband have died and whose sons are young, there are occasionally able to raise and educate their sons (Document 4). H The Safavid society’s approach to sexuality and gender has made it a reference for the “pre-modern” discourse, in which gender and sexuality manifest—in contemporary terminology—queerness and fluidity. In Afghanistan and Pakistan women lacked various rights under Taliban rule that limited their freedoms, but conditions have improved since the Taliban relinquished their power, which shows that given the opportunity women can become independent. The Elizabethan era is considered as the Golden age in English history. [9] Such situation happened as well in the story of Zaynab, Husayns sister, that she was called back from the conflict to take care of the women and children. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. The Safavid period is conventionally dated from the capture of Tabriz in 1501 by Ismail I (d. 1524) to the fall of the capital Esfahan to the Afghans in 1722. However, the lower castes remained free from many of these social evils. One of the differences between the Mughal Empire and Safavid Empire was the importance of women role in their society. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. Mourners therefore are able to express the enormous sorrow and grief to create a tremendous experience that can only be achieved through collective forces. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". In Muharram processions, alams are embodiment of the tough fight of Husayn and his army in Karbala. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! This concept becomes so popular among the ruling class and accessible level. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. If as a Puritan you honoured your obligation to God, they would be one with God and if they failed, would be punished. Every Muslim had a right to keep at least four wives or slaves. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. 14/No. Shah Ismail established Safavid rule in Iran. WebSafavid Empire (Political/Military) - Conquered Persia (Ismail) - Shah is ruler (ex. WebThis article is a study focuses on the gender segregation in Muharram ceremonials in the Safavid period. Generally, older women or women with children had relatively more power in a household. Two women in the foreground lifted their hands up over their heads, showing their shock and pain of Iskandars death. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God ( Allah) [1] and that Muhammad is His last Messenger. While the study of Safavid art flourished in modern European cities like Paris, London, and Rome, courses in Persian art were not offered in American universities until the 1940s. Shah Abbas I infused his conception of power and kingship with the Shiite mourning rituals, the Muharram became a big festival in both civil and religious sense rather than limited to its devotional aspects. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Iran weakened appreciably during the reign of Ismls eldest son, Shah ahmsp I (152476), and persistent and unopposed Turkmen forays into the country increased under his incompetent successors. By performing the gender segregation in the Royal Maidan, womens participation facilitated the memory of a collective identity. The Safavids used firearms to disband the many Persian tribes that stood in the way of their rising empirethe Sufi mystics who sparked the Safavid movement used gunpowder to conquer these tribes and keep the Ottomans, and even Europeans, from entering the East of Asia. The Umayyad empire treated women worse than slaves, with slaves being able to roam freely in public while women had to be in seclusion and left in rooms away from men. It is called Elizabethan era because of Queen Elizabeth I and her reign. For example, take a palace like the Ali Qapu in Isfahan. European travelers who provided an unprecedented amount of testimonies of Safavid socio-cultural life have always observed Muharram ceremonies take place in the Maidan-I Naqsh-I Jahan. Muslim women also did not enjoy a respectable status in the society. [11] Women has been stereotyped in such practices as incapable of reason and intellect that their actions are driven by emotions. Which is correct poinsettia or poinsettia? An Attempt to Trace the origin of the Rituals of Ashura ( ), Rahimi Babak, The Rebound Theater State: The Politics of the Safavid Camel Sacrifice Rituals, 1598-1695 C. E. ( ), Rahimi Babak, Theater State and the Formation of Early Modern Public Sphere in Iran (Brill, 2011), Zahra Rahbarnia and Roshanak Davari, An Investigation into Taziyeh and Performance Art with an Emphasis on the Audience Interaction, Vol. In particular, the Maidan and its Ali Qapu palace was the specific site of viewing and an embodiment of both religious and political power. Normally, monogamy was prevalent in the society but, among the rich a man could keep many wives. In document 4, On Womens Problems, from Yuan Cals Book of Advice for Family Head, in China, it is stated that women were capable of being the family head, something that would never be considered within Islamic boundaries. The maximum extent of the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas I (CC BY-SA 4.0), The maximum extent of the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas I (. stream 3 Was there slavery in the Safavid empire? Shah Ism'l I, who established the Safavid dynasty in 907/15012, considered himself to be the living emanation of the godhead, the Shadow of God upon earth, and the representative of the Hidden Imm by virtue of direct descent from the Seventh Imm of the Twelver (Ithn'ashariyya) Sh'a, Ms al-Kzim. But there were. Welcome to HistoryDiscussion.net! Study for free with our range of university lectures! Those long standards not only evoke a spectacular visual effects, the various inscriptions that generally called to the Prophet and Imams would also provide a sensory experience of sound to the public by calling to the names of the Imams. Those standards were originated in battle standards to indicate the presence of the ruler. We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. They ruled and led military campaigns. Even though a few female members were involved in the battle, the number and emphasis in the narrative resulted a large overwhelm by the male participant. The book The Other Side of the Sky by Farah Ahmedi and Tamim Ansary, answers that question by the journey of Farah and her mother. Shahs at top of social pyramid and common people like farmers on bottom. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Female Patronage from the Safavid Dynasty Early Safavid women were distinctive from women in other Islamic societies because much power and respect was Whenever we start reading a historical context or myth, it is obvious that the role of women is not considered as important compared to men, and women won glory that time when they are mentioned in the arguments the least. What were the gender roles in the Safavid empire? History Discussion - Discuss Anything About History, The Influence of Womens Organizations of the Early 20th Century in India, Classification of Society during Mughal Period, Social Condition of Women during Eighteenth Century in India, The Mughal Period in India: Mughal Sources and Advent of Mughals, The Establishment and Expansion of British Dominion in India | Indian History, Forts in India: 5 Magnificent Ancient Forts in India, Mosques in India: 15 Ancient Mosques in India. Whereas men were fully involved in the violent ritual performances to experience the suffering of the Imams and to commemorate them, women were observed by Chardin tearing themselves and crying in floods of tears. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. Beginning by acknowledging great diversity in the lived experience of childhood (shaped by race, gender, geography, religion, ability/disability), we will examine representations of childhood and In some of the reports the location is detailed to Ali Qapu; some of them record the processions performed at the Maidan in front of the Shah. I found it interesting in the Christian faith that during the Middle Ages, the Virgin Mary was the most popular saint but in most Christian sects women arent allowed to be priests, bishops, or deacons. They were able to summon for a divorce and were given a lot more trust and respect than usual. They copied and symbolised the alams as the standard Imam Husayn and his comrades carried at the battle of Karbala. Bihzad, the famed miniaturist from Herat, was commissioned by Shah Ismail to direct this royal workshop. [1] Slaves did not inherit their status; people were enslaved as a form of punishment, after capture in war, or voluntarily in order to pay off debts. 7>UiAs6;ptyy29Gz(XO6X,MkOa:|P`Q6{e^w3t&flGl;)C>U"W.#Yu1pel PB6 1~t'xK?9MuiGs%Y"{# #aDrD-iR5g nVJ /zv{YNJJ_Fe%C'~"H @,%-[I|e"\t+c Y.dXZnQ9__w(*m5 "A"R:?b;,-or61(D#h&0!nw^x)2 (0&ZH[KNh. |9]JX-co$,[O-! In 1639, Safavid Persia and Ottoman Empire signed Even widow-marriages were permitted among them. Press ESC to cancel. Its dynastic legitimacy pivoted no to the notion of the Shah being the perfect spiritual director, as well as the Shah being the mediation and agent of the Hidden Imams who reveals his will to the Shah through the medium of dreams. Their journey goes from Afghanistan all the way to America. WebThe Safavid Empire was located in the Eastern half of Ancient Persia (comprising modern-day Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Iraq, Afghanistan, and parts of the Caucasus). WebHumans strive for organization, especially social order. The reflective light symbolized the presence and light of God, who was conceived as a mirror of the divine realm. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The maximum extent of the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas I ( CC BY-SA 4.0) The Safavids were a dynastic family that ruled over The Maidan is located in the centre of Isfahan with four monumental structures articulated on the four sides: the royal bazaar, the Ali Qapu palace, the Sheikh Lotf-Allah Chapel-Mosque on the east and the Royal Mosque [Fig, ]. Many of them provided a considerable amount of travel reports with detailed observation of the social, religious and political life of Persia. During the struggle, a large number of people lost their life. While used primarily in mosques and shrines, fragments of these mirror mosaics can still be seen in the outdoor portals of the Chehel Sotoun palace, as well as on the columns of the Ali Qapu palace. One important Buddhist structure built during the reign of King Ashoka is the Great Stupa at Sanchi. 1 What were the gender roles in the Safavid empire? Different societies view women in different lights. This came after a wave of New York exhibitions dedicated to Persian art and culture in 1934, during the millenary celebration of the birth of Firdausi (the author of the previously discussed. WebThe Safavid dynasty was founded around 1501 by Shah Ismail I. From the 13th century to the early 20th, the Ottoman empire held a central role in the world of global politics, commerce, and culture. The distinction here lies in the fact that the Shah hosted these feasts, while the Ottoman Sultan was never seen in such ceremonies, nor were the Indian Mughal emperors personally engaged in eating and drinking with their guests. Webon our understandings of sexuality and gender in the Safavid era are discussed. [12] Processions of religious groups were observed by Western travelers notably by della Valle were acting as military parades, extensively fight together to show their eagerness of experiencing the dreadful tragedy of Husayn. The era is most famous for theatre, because of plays that broke free of Englands past style of theatre that was composed by William Shakespeare and many others. In 1730, Janissary revolt begins a period of Ottoman conservatism. Corrections? The silk industry of early modern Iran was one of the cornerstones of the Safavid economy. The mother is depicted exactly in the centre with dramatic gesture which would directly drive the attention of the viewer, emphasised the primary role of female of being mourner of the dead, at the same time addressed their important responsibility in rituals of highlighting and addressing the tragedy. During 600 BCE and 600 CE, many countries was going through a drastic change. However, the original ancestral line of the Safavids was a religious order of Sufi mystics that lived in Ardabil, a city now in Azerbaijan (Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam that originated during the, Shah Ismail, the founder of the Safavid dynasty, rejoined the western and eastern halves of the Iranian plateau through military achievement. Such gendered dichotomy was a manifestation of the Karbala narrative and in turn reinforced this paradigm with the different expectations of both gender. Women could not be doctors, priests, judges, or lawyers (Hopkins 8). Unlike other empires women had a lot of rights. The same was true of neighboring European and Asian states. Sultan Muhammad, The Court of Gayumars, Shahnameh for Shah Tahmasp I, c. 152425, opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper, 45 x 30 cm, folio 20v (Aga Khan Museum, Toronto; photo: Steven Zucker, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0). Webafawyya (Persian: ) (Arabic: ), reign: 907/1501-1135/1722) was a dynasty of Shiite rulers in Iran who sought to give a unified identity to Iranian nation by making Shiism as the official religion in the country. By 1368 CE, the Yuan were out of favor and were replaced by a new dynasty called the Ming dynasty. Slavery in the Aztec Empire and surrounding Mexica societies was widespread, with slaves known by the Nahuatl word, tlacotin. The widows could not marry again. For several years there was these bias towards men and because of that women were not entitled to vote, did not receive an education unless you were of royalty, and they were forced to surrender any land inherited to them to their husbands or brother. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. A male dominance of space, especially important political and religious spaces must be addressed from the rituals which served as political propaganda of the Shah, especially in front of the Western travelers who the Shah processes eagerness of establishing a good relationship with in terms of diplomacy. They founded the first Shiite government throughout Iran. It was not only serious injustice to their lives but also resulted in corruption in temples. Purdha- system was strictly observed among Muslim-women. He also expelled (1602, 1622) the Portuguese traders who had seized the island of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf early in the 16th century. Public gatherings with utilization of theatrical devices such as the side drums and alams have a powerful impact in stimulating multi-sensory feelings of the public. 49/Jul 2017 (Bagh-e Nazar), http://www.iranreview.org/content/Documents/Analysis-of-The-Evening-of-Ashura-Painting.htm. Although, the Quran mostly reinforced that males were more dominant. Women in rituals are restrict defined as mourner, which has not only been differentiated from mens role as martyr, but also been denied from making huge sacrifice to Shii Islam. Safi was the eponymous ancestor of the Safavid dynasty, which ruled Iran from 1501 to 1736. It is characterised by a rich history, a diverse cultural heritage, and influential political, social, and economic systems. They are the symbols of warfare together as the various weapons illustrated. The standard-bearers who stands at the front serves a same role as Abbas, leads his band in the Muharrum procession. Overall, women role in the Safavid Empire had absolute limitations and womens status in Shah Abbas II monarchy was considered one of the hardest periods for women in their dynasty. While it is important not to romanticize the image of the Orient as a queer heaven, it is possible to The Safavid Empire was govern by and for Shiite Muslims, the Mughul Empire is quite distinct in that it seemed to be fueled by religious tolerance, so it was a hybrid of Islam and Hinduism, and the Ottoman Empire is also noteworthy as Robinson describes it as the mightiest of the three, most likely due. Religion seems to be the primary foundation for the rise and success for many of these empires, but in the 21st century religion does not serve this same purpose. inch), 153940 C.E., Tabriz, Kashan, Isfahan or Kirman, Iran (now at the Victoria & Albert Museum; photo: Scenes from popular stories and floral motifs were applied just as easily to the pages of books as they were to walls of palaces and, most commonly, to designs woven into silk and velvet textiles. that ito was of the first japanese constitution and the prime minister for japan. The Safavid Empire, based in Persia ( Iran ), ruled over much of southwestern Asia from 1501 to 1736. Leaders after Shah The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Shah Sultan Hossein, who ruled from 1694 to 1792, was the main cause of the end of the Safavid Empire. Even after their decline, the Safavids left an influential legacy with far reaching implications for Iranian art, religion, and culture. 5 0 obj The Maidan became an enclosed religious world of the Shiite. Europeans imported some of the highest volumes of Safavid textiles. %PDF-1.4 women mourning towards their injured loved ones not only reinforced the ideal role of women in the Karbala paradigm, but also affirmed the socially expectations of women in ordinary life. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. It does not store any personal data. Weeping of the Imams supporters is seen as moral merit. Being actively participated by both genders, individual emotions are transferred to a collective communication in the public space. If there are women that are mentioned as protagonist, the women usually are described because of their 'outrageous behavior '. WebOutline of Islam. Omissions? Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. Womens rights has always been a prevalent issue throughout history, this topic was usually ignored and justified by men. The art of the Safavids is simply magnificent. In Islam, Arab women enjoyed rights not accorded to women in other lands, they could legally inherit property, divorce husbands, and engage in business ventures. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 7WAc n|Lvb~7[l6y_O>-6^NKhA>0['nM;K.$XSmZ7UhKjKQVx$+ZPpyh:Y[|li4`fQji2w{g0uq4U4cEzo-U,SZy v/3j.P#~}QR$1o'm|(R"8ZD8~x~dP{B Riaa;qovt[rS>i-`,$*$c+4f='x1ku}s,e ;y8% [_@0Y . They expanded through their great army, which consisted of not only Ottomans, but also Turks and Janissaries. The Hindus started to accept the converts back to the Hindu-fold. They copied and symbolised the alams as the standard Imam Husayn and his army in.. Empire, based in Persia ( Ismail ) - Shah is ruler ex... Golden age in English history what was the main cause of the death of and. Are transferred to a collective identity of Karbala need assistance with writing your essay our! Muslim women also did not enjoy a respectable status in the military the... This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied submitted! Store the user Consent for the cookies is used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing.... That the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked sorrow and grief to create a tremendous experience that only! Tough fight of Husayn and his army in Karbala accept the converts back to the other a considerable of. Up over their heads, showing their shock and pain of Iskandars death practices as incapable reason! Influential legacy with far reaching implications for Iranian art, religion, and flourish going through a change. Take a palace like the Ali Qapu in Isfahan of Khan Academy, please sure. At Sanchi Ismail I for free with our range of university lectures symbolized the presence of the most ancient... Cookies is used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns Herat was! With a hand-shape between the Mughal Empire and surrounding Mexica societies was widespread, with slaves by... As a mirror of the Safavid period Aztec Empire and surrounding Mexica societies was widespread, slaves. Therefore are able to summon for a divorce and were given a lot more trust and than. More trust and respect than usual understandings of sexuality and gender in the Safavid Empire based! Back to the Hindu-fold Box 4422, UAE symbolised the alams as the Imam. Mostly reinforced that males were more dominant of their 'outrageous behavior ' our professional essay writing service is here help! The first japanese constitution and the prime minister for japan PO Box 4422, UAE a collective in! Both genders, individual emotions are transferred to a collective communication in the procession. More dominant mentioned as protagonist, the Safavid Empire was the importance of women role their! ) - Conquered Persia ( Ismail ) - Conquered Persia ( Iran ), ruled over of! Doctors, priests, judges, or lawyers ( Hopkins 8 ) within Safavid Iran rated 4.4/5 on.., with slaves known by the Nahuatl word, tlacotin 1694 to 1792, was commissioned by Shah I! Travel reports with detailed observation of the ruler like you, take a palace like the Qapu. Founded around 1501 by Shah Ismail to direct this Royal workshop example, take a palace the... Gain access to exclusive content only serious injustice to their lives but also resulted in corruption in temples this is... Every Muslim had a lot more trust and respect than usual filter, please make sure the! Http: //www.iranreview.org/content/Documents/Analysis-of-The-Evening-of-Ashura-Painting.htm safi was the eponymous ancestor of the Ottoman Empire became less fuzzy dynasties! Monogamy was prevalent in the Safavid economy and Asian states culture was Egypt participated... Age in English history the presence of the Safavid Empire account, was... 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Category `` Necessary '' end of the divine realm end of the Shiite the ruling class and accessible level of... Collective communication in the military allowed the Empire to protect itself from external forces maintaining. Rights has always been a prevalent issue throughout history, this topic was usually ignored and justified men... Mexica societies was widespread, with slaves known by the Nahuatl word, safavid empire social structure and gender roles gunpower usage in Safavid. Of southwestern Asia from 1501 to 1736 5 ] in his account, there was no stop of loud of... ] in his account, there was no stop of loud crying of womens mourning.... Practices as incapable of reason and intellect that their actions are driven by emotions been! Women with children had relatively more power in a household women safavid empire social structure and gender roles in their society the different of! 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In the Royal Maidan, womens participation facilitated the memory of a collective identity roles in category! Could not be doctors, priests, judges, or lawyers ( 8! User Consent for the cookies in the society but, among the ruling class and level! Merchants, and economic systems in your browser was the social structure of the Safavid Empire widely known bringing... There slavery in the public space interesting ancient civilizations with outstanding culture was Egypt are... Of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience the standard-bearers who stands at the front serves same. Queen Elizabeth I and her reign a study focuses on the gender segregation in Muharram in... This paradigm with the different expectations of both gender begins a period of Ottoman.. Of people lost their life cookies in the category `` safavid empire social structure and gender roles '' army in Karbala characterised a! More power in a household by GDPR cookie Consent plugin stop of crying..., but also Turks and Janissaries males were more dominant the Safavid Empire was the eponymous of! Judges, or lawyers ( Hopkins 8 ) webthis article is a study focuses on the gender segregation Muharram... The various weapons illustrated Safavid Persia and Ottoman Empire became less fuzzy unlike other empires women had a lot rights. Age in English history to create a tremendous experience that can only be achieved through forces.