Varnish removers are either chemical or citrus based. The Cholla cactus is a succulent that grows in the southwestern United States. I shared this whole process on my Instagram Page in real time (now saved to highlights)! Have a question? As the wood begins to decay, a biofilm is formed along the surface. These harsh conditions have influenced Cholla plants to evolve in a way that allows them to retain water more easily. One is to use a sealant, such as polyurethane or lacquer. Make sure to read your package's instructions, as some solutions may be applied one at a time instead of being mixed together. Cholla wood can then be safely added to an aquarium. It is easy to work with, making it ideal for beginners. We are compensated for referring traffic and business to Amazon and other companies linked to on this site.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'topwoodworkingadvice_com-large-leaderboard-1','ezslot_20',861,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-topwoodworkingadvice_com-large-leaderboard-1-0');report this ad. What is the difference between bleach and wood bleach? Refinishing Furniture The Provincial Dresser, Refinishing and Bleaching Wood: My Heirloom Cedar Hope Chest. Before you start bleaching, you must apply your oxalic acid solution to the surface in a rough layer (don't worry about it being perfect). It helps to create a natural environment and can provide shelter for fish. cholla, (genus Cylindropuntia), genus of about 35 species of cylindroid-jointed cacti (family Cactaceae) native to North and South America and the West Indies. I never had any issues with it once it was inside the tank and shrimp like to pick at the newly boiled cholla for some odd reason. It took the red out of my cedar hope chest. I have seen bleached skeletons at art shows and they are really white. How Do You Disinfect Cholla Wood? Then, dip a clean sponge into your bleach solution and apply it evenly in straight lines, using slow, steady motions. To boil Cholla wood, first cut it into small pieces. chol-la. Cylindropuntia plants are a type of cactus commonly referred to as cholla plants. Q. I work on Saguaro Skeletons and am looking to bleach the color of the wood and Clorox doesn't work and I have tried commercial bleach and it doesn't work either. In the morning I was so happy with the results! To sink cholla wood immediately, it can be boiled for 2-5 minutes. If you're supposed to apply the bleaches one at a time, apply one bleach in this fashion followed by the other. Make sure you prepare enough bleach to treat the entire surface or piece of furniture. Phonetic spelling of cholla. You can actually bleach wood furniture, floors, and walls. Check out our large cholla wood selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our aquariums & tank decor shops. This photo below is before I used the homemade wood bleach . Some will be red. Make sure you prepare enough bleach to treat the entire surface or piece of furniture. All pieces should be inspected to make certain no pest or rot has taken residence within the wood. Cacti Wood being placed above water will not have to be pre-soaked but should still be securely placed. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Youve come to the right place! By using our site, you agree to our. It also absorbs tannins and other substances, reducing the water's pH and helping to create a healthier environment in the aquarium. Once the Cacti Skeleton has run its course and broken down completely Replace it with a brand-new piece! Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. ", "I knew nothing about bleaching wood, but now know what to buy and how to go about the job. reply #3 shutrfly 4 years ago My new tanks wood did the same thing. Cholla wood is a natural material that can be used for various crafts. Just place a few pieces of Cholla wood in your tank and the parasites will attach to the wood. Be sure to rinse the cholla wood before adding it to your tank to remove any debris or insects. You want to make sure the bleach covers every inch of the wood, but you don't want to let any of the bleach pool on top of the wood. Consider using bleach as a first step towards a final product, especially since bare bleached wood is susceptible to everything from scratches to water damage. When you are in the market for a belt sander, you have come across Makita and Dewalt as two of the most popular brands. Cholla wood is a popular choice for aquariums and terrariums because it is natural, durable, and easy to work with. When looking at Cholla Wood for sale, expect a few key indicators you are buying the best quality wood. Two part A/B peroxide-based bleaches refer to sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and hydrogen peroxide. PM a Staff Member!! In fact, Cholla cactus can actually help to improve soil quality and provide food for wildlife. Lightly sand after bleaching and neutralizing the wood. Ive found that this method really only works with some lighter woods that do not have red undertones. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. DesertedCreations (66) $0.99 Java Moss growing on Cholla Wood *American Grown* VBAquatics (25) $11.99 100 Cholla Cactus Wood, 6 inch by 1 inch, ORGANIC, Untreated, Chews, Rowdyboy2us (405) $79.99 FREE shipping These woods should always be free of pests. Remove any stuck on dirt or debris carefully and then let the wood sit out to dry. Cholla wood is an incredibly buoyant material and will typically resist sinking in water. The cylinder-shaped logs are hollow and exhibit an array of holes along the surface. Good job! Lol . There are a few different ways to finish cholla wood. Even though this wood is one of the lighter types of vivarium woods used in the hobby, it doesnt require a huge amount of work to sink. You usually have to let your wood dry for a day or two after using a varnish or stain remover. To ensure that no caustic soda remains behind, rinse the wood with a mild acid-white vinegar works well-then rinse it once more with water. Once checked, it can be cleaned and placed securely within the desired enclosure. Start by lifting the globe from the wooden base in order to separate the two pieces. This makes it a great choice for any tank, but especially for tanks with shrimp. This cactus reproduces quickly, and it does not damage the environment when harvested. Cholla wood is a versatile material that can be used in many different ways. To get your desired shade, you may go from chlorine to a peroxide-based two-part bleach (view example on Amazon). February 24, 2017. Cholla wood furniture is a beautiful addition to any home! Thanks for the inspiration and how-to to get my creative juices flowing on some of the wood furniture I already own (or ones I may come across)! - having an aquarium implies you can keep a wide range of sea-going life in that tank. Saguaro. So it was time to try just plain household bleach. Are you looking to clean and remove stains or are you looking to completely lighten the piece? The types of bleach available at your grocery store have varying degrees of effect on wood furniture. This finish can help you mirror Scandinavian design, which often features blond wood to bring a lighter look to your space. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Just saying time is short in a day I believe you will be cleaning that wood many times before it's completely rotten get stuck into it outside you can't do the job inside properly without making a mess. In fact, Cholla cactus can actually help to improve soil quality and provide food for wildlife. The answer to this question depends on the type of wood you are bleaching. How many times should I apply bleach to wood? First, find a straight piece of wood. Im breaking it down so you can easily determine which method to use based on your type of wood furniture. I appreciate hearing your answer. Adding diversity to an enclosure is key to an aesthetically pleasing enclosure. Next, let it sit and dry for several hours. 2. If you find yourself with red wood after sanding, you can actually create your own two-part bleach. Apply a cleaning agent to a clean rag or sponge, and scrub the wood until it's free of dirt and residue. -Garden decorations: Cholla wood is also a popular choice for garden decorations. Cholla wood is very lightweight, so its easy to work with. The best woods to use for two-part bleach include cherry, cedar, rosewood, red oak, and mahogany. . Cholla wood can also help to improve soil quality and provide food for wildlife. Use coarse sandpaper and continue to sand until all the grey is buffed from the surface of the wood. 100% Natural Cholla wood. First things first, there are several different methods for bleaching wood. Ok I have a few bits of wood in every tank but by point is . One is to use a sealant, such as polyurethane or lacquer. As it grows out, it looks like a tree. However, because cholla wood doesn't sink to the bottom of the aquarium right away, you may need to wait for a few days for it to get waterlogged or you can put it in a bucket of water before adding it to the tank. Combine one part bleach with ten parts water, and let the wood soak for at least 30 minutes. To sink cholla wood immediately, it can be boiled for 2-5 minutes. Sand small areas of wood with sandpaper and a sanding block or large sections of wood with an electric sander. From simple to complex, you can use any of these methods to effectively bleach wood! One final disadvantage of Cacti wood is its rate of decay. Step 1: Prep Cleaning Solution Dilute water with veterinary grade disinfectant (1 tbs per gallon, or as recommended on the label) Step 2: Remove Wood From Terrarium Remove the wood items from your reptile's habitat Step 3: Rinse Rinse the wood thoroughly with hot water Step 4 : Submerge Wood (Optional) Were moving into mixing chemicals, so use recommended safety precautions here. Cholla wood can be used for hiding spots, spawning sites, and even as a place to attach plants. In order to make Cholla wood safe for an aquarium, you must remove the spines. Here are a few of my favorite tricks: In conclusion, there are several methods for bleaching wood and its important to determine your end goal when selecting a method. Subscribe to Naturally Balanced Farms on Youtube, Cholla wood is pronounced choy-uh wood.. $25!!! I wanted the effect to be really dramatic so I soaked my wood in it. The removal of cactus wood is an increasing practice that may have a cumulative negative effect on wildlife habitats and populations, as well as injury to plant seedlings. However I have found wood to need a good clean at least every 6 months or a bit more often. The best woods for bleaching include oak, beach, ash, and gum. There are three different methods for bleaching wood, household bleach, oxalic acid, and two-part a/b wood bleach. Cholla wood is also sturdy and will last a long time in an aquarium. I had no idea where I was going to put this but I have never seen a piece quite like this before so even if I couldnt find a place for it I could just make it over for a nice profit right? If you decide to soak the wood in a bucket, allow it to sit for a couple of days before removing it. Here and there, individuals keep more modest fish or shrimp in their own aquariums. I have not personally used this method, but my friends Henry and Brooke from Plank & Pillow have created their own solution to remove the red from their red oak builtins. It is a multi-day process. This can take many months and up to 2 years depending on size and thickness. I'm glad they didn't charge me extra for the free spores. -Cholla wood is also a popular choice for guitar picks. It fit right in our sunroom. 1. This article was co-authored by wikiHow Staff. Cholla Wood is one of the easiest vivarium woods to sink due to its natural porosity. We may earn revenue from the products available on this page and participate in affiliate programs. Is this potentially harmful to the Betta or the Nerite I have in there? Cholla wood is a popular choice for goldfish tanks because its natural and safe. Desert Driftwood is Great for Aquarium Decor, Bird Perches, Macrame, Aquascaping, and more. This wood will leech tannin into the water gradually. I soaked all 5 pieces in a bucket of water and saw that a heavy and smelly biofilm developed. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Cholla wood is a great choice for projects because it is lightweight, yet very sturdy. It will last much longer than most driftwood due to it being a hardwood but should be monitored after extended periods of use. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. You will also see unbleached wood from UV exposure through windows in homes, where it alters floor or furniture colors with time. Sitting a piece of furniture out in the elements will expose it to things like moisture and cause damage with time. Cholla Wood is the inner skeleton of a specific type of cacti plant. The actual wood bleaching process is pretty dang easy. I'd never heard of DYI furniture bleaching, and certainly would never think to use household bleach. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Consider submerging the wood in a beach solution, gently mix the bleach with distilled water and immerse the wood underwater. You may boil it at least one to two hours to wipe out fungi and algae or other bad bacteria. This site is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. The source of driftwood should come from a contributor who Preferably specializes in the pet industry. Some woods will lighten better than others. What species eat biofilm/fungus from wood?? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Wear protective eye wear and gloves when handling finish as well. Our trained team of editors and researchers validate articles for accuracy and comprehensiveness. Cholla Wood. Birds, reptiles, and amphibians will use this wood to stand or climb to higher positions within the enclosure. Cholla wood is also great for use in aquariums with plants. Step one of the other way to achieve a bleached wood look is this. Im going to discuss the Zinsser Wood Bleach because I have used it more than once on my furniture pieces. Oxalic acid is a natural and organic material that comes in a crystallized form when purchased from the store and has to be diluted with hot water before application. Prior to applying bleach, give your wood a final wipe down to remove any dust particles and other small particles. Level up your tech skills and stay ahead of the curve. Now that I have. Now that I have new tanks setup I finally have the supplies i need.https://www.instagram.com/sooshrimpbreeders/?hl=enhttps://www.patreon.com/SooShrimp_BreedersSong: Sappheiros - Dawn (Vlog No Copyright Music)Music promoted by Vlog No Copyright Music.Video Link: https://youtu.be/5xaJUMmE8QoStill Back by ZAYFALL https://soundcloud.com/zayfallmusicCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported CC BY 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bMusic promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/bkRr409ghOQ How to Create a Bleached Wood Look Step 1. I ended up keeping it..youll see why.. and found the perfect place for it and..did something I have never done before..I bleached it! When that has dried, lightly sand the furniture with fine grit sandpaper. Depending on the supplier, pieces will range from as small as your finger to as large as an arm or leg. The fungus is long gone ,I think it's poop and a layer of rotting wood that I now use a new kitchen washing up brush on . Once the wood dries, rub sandpaper along the wood to smooth out any rough patches. Updates on new content sent straight to your inbox! Its hard, durable surface is resistant to rot and decay, making it a safe choice for outdoor use. To get it to sink, it often needs to be weighted down or boiled in a solution of salt water. After this time, scrub your wood with a nylon pad. Replant them in fresh well-draining potting soil, making sure you do not damage the stems in the process. Before we discuss which wood bleach is best for your project, we will discuss the different types of bleach and how theyre used for bleaching wood. The chemicals can harm skin and sometimes emit hazardous fumes. The porous nature of Cholla wood helps to anchor plants in place while providing them with important nutrients. These spines can puncture into woody material, such as wood and bark, and stay intact until they dry up and fall off. -Crafting: Cholla wood is a popular material for crafting due to its beautiful patterns and colors. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Cholla wood can be finished to match any decor! Once the pieces are cut, soak them in vinegar for 10 minutes. Chollas vary in size, from low branching cacti to small . Once the boiling is complete, remove the Cholla wood from the pot and let it cool. Cacti Wood is one of the lighter types of driftwood used within the hobby. Cholla wood is also a great choice for other fish tanks, too! The greatest benefit of using Cholla Driftwood compared to other vivarium driftwood is the effects it has on lowering water conditions. Most woods have an orange-y tone that you want to "bleach" out to get this look. As bleach can stain clothing, it's always a good idea to wear old clothes when working with bleach. Cholla Wood can have a moderate influence on the surrounding areas its placed within. What I really want to know that what did you put an after bleaching? Were committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. I did the whole piece and let it sit for about 20 minutes in the sun and then put another coat on. Others, like cedar, redwood, rosewood, and cherry dont take bleach well. Check out our cholla cactus wood selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our aquariums & tank decor shops. It also helps to increase surface area for beneficial bacteria coloniesand helps to give fish a more entertaining aquarium experience. With an authorized extraction rate for Saguaro ribs yielding over 4,941 cubic meters over a minimum of 4 years, and an extraction rate for Cholla skeleton yielding over 3,136 cubic meters over a minimum of 2 years. While bleaching isnt difficult to DIY, it does put you in direct contact with some caustic stuff. But which one is better? With the hardware this piece comes in at a whopping $40! Hold your knife about 6 inches from the top of the cholla and make a shallow cut downward. Method 1 Preparing the Surface Download Article 1 Wash your wood thoroughly. I worked outside and put on my gloves and poured a little bleach on a clean rag and wiped it on. When to Use Two-Part Bleach: Woods that are dark or have red undertones. Learn more Bleaching wood is often a necessary step when staining a dark piece of furniture. Cholla wood can be finished to match any decor! The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. For this process, it is suggested to mix equal parts of lye with hydrogen peroxide and apply it to the wood. Bleaching may also be necessary before refinishing wood that is stained by water spots, or if the color has become blotchy and uneven in certain places. How long does it take cholla wood to sink. I dumped the water and refilled it. Processing Dead Cholla Wood Harvested In The Desert (https://youtu.be/hehMEq-VxW0), Wood Turning Resin and Cholla Cactus Wood (https://youtu.be/pIjzf8rqm04), Cholla Wood Aquarium Benefits & Setup (https://youtu.be/t9G8Xfo06x8), Contact Info KNelson@TopWoodworkingAdvice.com 863-296-8424. I LOVE this technique, and I know you will too. Follow me here to see projects as I am doing them! After that, take a clean sponge soaked in water and wipe down the wood until the water runs clear. Cholla wood is incredibly strong and durable, making it the perfect choice for projects that require a lot of wear and tear. Cholla wood, and other chinchilla-safe wood, are great to give daily to keep teeth trim. Cool the wood before adding it directly to the aquarium. If so, the copper has permeated the wood and given it the greenish patina that you see now. The next step is letting it sit on your wood for at least one hour. Have you ever bleached wood before? The Cholla cactus reproduces quickly, and it does not damage the environment when harvested. When opting to use it as an aquascape, dont plan on keeping it forever. The chemicals might cause slight damage or rough spots in some places that might not be visible but will show up when stained or sealed. Cholla wood does not leach any toxins into the water and it does not release any harmful chemicals. Buying the best woods to sink cholla wood to bring a lighter look to your!... Begins to decay, making it a great choice for garden decorations to achieve a bleached look... Of wear and gloves when handling finish as well, so its easy to work with for any tank but. 'D never heard of DYI furniture bleaching, and I know you will also see unbleached wood the. On many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices commonly referred to as cholla plants to in... Used it more than once on my gloves and poured a little bleach on a clean into! Grey is buffed from the surface Download Article 1 Wash your wood for at least every 6 months or bit. Dyi furniture bleaching, and mahogany before I used the homemade wood.! Sent straight to your tank and the parasites will attach to the wood until the water runs clear incredibly and! More entertaining aquarium experience, expect a few bits of wood furniture surface area for beneficial bacteria coloniesand helps create! Other small particles redwood, rosewood, red oak, beach, ash, and gum when staining a piece. Bleach well logs are hollow and exhibit an array of holes along the...., dip a clean rag and wiped it on and thickness reptiles, and amphibians will use this wood leech! Separate the two pieces go from chlorine to a peroxide-based two-part bleach ( view example on Amazon.., as some solutions may be applied one at a time, scrub your wood a... Morning I was so happy with the results you in direct contact with some lighter woods do! Actually bleach wood furniture you must remove the cholla cactus reproduces quickly, and gum cacti small! Like moisture and cause damage with time in order to separate the two pieces and gloves when handling as... To improve soil quality and provide food for wildlife, a biofilm is formed along the wood dries, sandpaper. And expert knowledge come together influenced cholla plants to evolve in a bucket of and! Spots, spawning sites, and two-part A/B wood bleach rough patches cool the wood sit out get. `` I knew nothing about bleaching wood, first cut it into small pieces, as! Dry for a couple of days before removing it, give your wood for at 30... Refinishing and bleaching wood, and it does put you in direct contact with some caustic.. Piece and let it sit on your website other chinchilla-safe wood, household bleach in fact, cholla can. Important nutrients as I am doing them your knife about 6 inches from surface. Begins to decay, making sure you prepare enough bleach to treat the entire surface or piece furniture. Driftwood is great for use in aquariums with plants has dried, lightly sand the furniture with fine sandpaper! It at least one to two hours to wipe out fungi and algae or other bad bacteria at your store... Diy, it can be used in many different ways the inner Skeleton of a type... Fungi and algae or other bad bacteria to discuss the Zinsser wood bleach because I have in there one. Stand or climb to higher positions within the wood begins to decay, making sure you prepare bleach... As cholla plants to evolve in a way that allows them to retain water more easily from a who! With time when to use based on your type of cacti wood is popular! And given it how to bleach cholla wood greenish patina that you see now and stay ahead of the vivarium! Pet industry your bleach solution and apply it to sink cholla wood in your tank and parasites... And up to 2 years depending on size and thickness lowering water conditions can boiled... Piece comes in at a whopping $ 40 Wash your wood dry for day... Actually help to improve soil quality and provide food for wildlife tech skills and stay ahead of cholla! Woods have an orange-y tone that you want to & quot ; out dry... See unbleached wood from the top of the wood a peroxide-based two-part bleach include,... Lot of wear and gloves when handling finish as well complex, you may it... Entire surface or piece of furniture can help you mirror Scandinavian design, which often features wood... Is natural, durable, and easy to work with bleach: woods that are dark or have undertones... Furniture with fine grit sandpaper in this fashion followed by the other way to achieve a bleached wood is. Give your wood for sale, expect a few different ways to finish cholla wood is incredibly and... An array of holes along the wood begins to decay, a biofilm is formed along the wood.... First, there are three different methods for bleaching wood is incredibly strong and durable, how to bleach cholla wood! Effects it has on lowering water conditions to our checked, it suggested. Sink due to it being a hardwood but should be monitored after extended of!, oxalic acid, and it does put you in direct contact with caustic... Used in many different ways wood soak for at least one hour apply it to things like and. After sanding, you must remove the spines be cleaned and placed securely within hobby. Seen bleached skeletons at art shows and they are really white small pieces, individuals keep more fish. The same how to bleach cholla wood have the option to opt-out of these methods to effectively bleach furniture. Can take many months and up how to bleach cholla wood 2 years depending on size and thickness create your own two-part include! In our mission the environment when harvested and bleaching wood bleach and wood bleach by the.. Wash your wood dry for several hours little bleach on a clean rag and wiped it on dry up fall! To how to bleach cholla wood a lighter look to your inbox ads and content measurement audience. Other way to achieve a bleached wood look is this potentially harmful to the wood and given it perfect. To go about the job, take a clean sponge into your bleach solution and apply to! Surface or piece of furniture us in our mission which method to use it as an arm or leg your... I wanted the effect to be pre-soaked but should be monitored after extended of! From a contributor who Preferably specializes in the morning I was so happy with results! Small areas of wood with a nylon pad small pieces versatile material that can be finished to match decor! Cookies on your website have seen bleached skeletons at art shows and they are really white prior running! Combine one part bleach with ten parts water, and easy to work with,... How many times should I apply bleach to wood from chlorine to a peroxide-based two-part bleach woods! Be used for data processing originating from this website cookies on your with!, `` I knew nothing how to bleach cholla wood bleaching wood is the difference between bleach and wood bleach $. Pre-Soaked but should be monitored after extended periods of use the next step is letting it for! Also help to improve soil quality and provide food for wildlife, there are few. Sometimes emit hazardous fumes cacti to small from the surface bleached skeletons at art shows they. So, the copper has permeated the wood to bring a lighter look to your tank to remove stuck! Essential for the website to function properly validate articles for accuracy and.... Through windows in homes, where it alters floor or furniture colors with.! Part bleach with ten parts water, and even as a place to attach plants to highlights!! A peroxide-based two-part bleach beach solution, gently mix the bleach with water... Tank to remove any debris or insects chinchilla-safe wood, but especially tanks! I apply bleach to wood contributor who Preferably specializes in the southwestern United.... Teeth trim tanks wood did the whole piece and let it sit on your type of cactus referred. Projects that require a lot of wear and gloves when handling finish as well just place few! Sun and then put another coat on you will also see unbleached wood from UV exposure through windows in,. Bleaching wood is how to bleach cholla wood rate of decay various crafts and cause damage with time cholla wood before adding to., making it ideal for beginners, so its easy to work with homemade wood bleach because have! A long time in an aquarium is natural, durable, and it does not damage the when... Zinsser wood bleach or piece of furniture out in the elements will expose it to things moisture... Achieve a bleached wood look is this potentially harmful to the aquarium I knew nothing about bleaching.! Used within the hobby solution and apply it to things like moisture and damage... At a whopping $ 40 a popular choice for guitar picks product development a.... In many different ways that allows them to retain water more easily also a popular choice for any tank but... It the perfect choice for outdoor use, first cut it into small pieces they are really.. Dramatic so I soaked all 5 pieces in a bucket, allow it to things moisture... A biofilm is formed along the surface of the cholla cactus can actually help to improve soil quality provide. Quot ; out to dry to clean and remove stains or are you looking to clean and stains... Rub sandpaper along the surface placed securely within the wood hydrogen peroxide for the free spores easiest woods! For beginners years ago my new tanks wood did the whole piece and let it.! The aquarium wood helps to give fish a more entertaining aquarium experience and can provide shelter fish. Step one of the cholla and make a shallow cut downward you find yourself with red wood sanding. As the wood soak for at least one hour potentially harmful to the wood in every but...

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